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The Mole Concept 40 Chemical Calculations and Use of Molal Quantities 42 3.2.1 Molar Volume of Gaseous Substances 44 3.2.2 Equivalent Weight 45 3.3 Density and Specific Gravity 46 3.4 Specific Gravity Scales 47 3.5 Composition of Solids, Liquids and Gases 50 3.5.1 Mass Fraction (Weight Fraction) 50 3.5.2 Mass Percent (Weight Percent) 50 3.5.3 Mass Ratio 51 3.5.4 Dry Basis and Wet Basis 51 3.5.5 Mole Fraction and Mole Percent 53 3.5.6 Volume Fraction and Volume Percent 54 3.6 Other Expressions for Concentrations 56 3.7 Chemical Reactions and Process Calculations 59 3.7.1 Excess and Limiting Reactant 59 3.7.2 Conversion 61 3.7.3 Yield 62 3.7.4 Extent of Reaction 63 Exercises 66 Units and Dimensions 13 System of Units 14 2.2.1 SI Units 15 2.2.2 Derived Units 15 2.2.3 SI Prefixes 17 2.2.4 General Guidelines on the Use of SI Units vĬonversion of Units 20 2.3.1 Some Important Derived Quantities and Their Conversion 2.3.2 Conversion of Empirical Equations 27 2.4 Dimensionless Equations 31 2.5 Dimensional Analysis 31 2.5.1 Dimensionless Groups in Chemical Engineering Practice Exercises 36
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Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, M-97, Connaught Circus, New Delhi-110001 and Printed by Mudrak, 30-A, Patparganj, Delhi-110091.Ĭhemistry versus Chemical Engineering 1 Chemical Process Industry 2 Greatest Achievements in Chemical Engineering History of Chemical Engineering 5 Chemical Engineering in India 6 Unit Operations and Unit Processes 7 1.6.1 Fluid Flow Operations 8 1.6.2 Heat Transfer Operations 8 1.6.3 Evaporation 9 1.6.4 Mass Transfer Operations 9 1.6.5 Mechanical Separations 11 1.6.6 Size Reduction 11 1.6.7 Mixing 11 Stoichiometry and Process Calculations 12 ISBN-978-8-8 The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2006 by PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. STOICHIOMETRY AND PROCESS CALCULATIONS K.V. Lakshmikutty Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Government Engineering College Thrissur, Kerala Narayanan Former Professor and Head Department of Chemical Engineering Government Engineering College Thrissur, Keralaī. ST OICHIOMETR Y AND STOICHIOMETR OICHIOMETRY PR OCESS CAL CULA TIONS PROCESS CALCULA CULATIONS Because H 2O can be either liquid or gas at its saturation point, two sets of data are required: data for saturated water (liquid), which is typically marked with an "f" in subscript, and data for saturated steam (gas), which is typically marked using a "g" in subscript.10: Material Balance with Chemical Reaction This is the point where water (liquid) and steam (gas) can coexist at the same temperature and pressure.
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The data found in a saturated steam table always refers to steam at a particular saturation point, also known as the boiling point. In addition to pressure and temperature, these tables usually include other related values such as specific enthalpy (h) and specific volume (v). It's typically used to determine saturated steam temperature from steam pressure, or the opposite: pressure from saturated steam temperature. This article will introduce steam tables, pointing out the different types and offering an overview of the different elements found within them.Ī saturated steam table is an indispensable tool for any engineer working with steam. Just as a map (or GPS navigation system) is necessary when driving in a new area or a flight timetable is indispensable when taking the plane, steam tables are essential to steam users in industry.